Mini Shell
3
C��e�z � @ s� d Z ddlmZ ddlZddlZddlZddlZddlZddl m
Z
ddl m Z m
Z
e e�Ze
� ZddlmZ ddlmZ ddlmZmZ dd lmZmZ dd
lm Z ej ej hZ G d d � d e �Z!G d
d� de �Z"G dd� de �Z#G dd� de �Z$G dd� de$�Z%G dd� de$�Z&G dd� de$�Z'G dd� de �Z(G dd � d e �Z)G d d � d e �Z*G d d � d e �Z+G d!d"� d"e �Z,da-d#d$� Z.dS )%a�
A GeoIP and WiFi location module - location detection based on IP address
How to use the geolocation module
First call init_geolocation() with appropriate parameters - this creates
the Geolocation singleton and specifies what geolocation provider will be
used.
To actually look up current position, call the refresh() function of the
singleton, this will trigger the actual online geolocation query, which
runs in a thread.
It's possible to wait for the lookup to finish by calling the
wait_for_refresh_to_finish() method of the singleton. If a lookup is in
progress it will block until the lookup finishes or a timeout is reached.
If no lookup is in progress it will return at once.
After the look-up thread finishes, the results are stored in the singleton
and can be retrieved using the territory, timezone and result properties.
If you use these properties without calling refresh() first or if the
look-up is currently in progress or failed to return any results, all
properties will return None.
====================
Geolocation backends
====================
This module currently supports three geolocation backends:
* Fedora GeoIP API
* Hostip GeoIP
* Google WiFi
Fedora GeoIP backend
This is the default backend. It queries the Fedora GeoIP API for location
data based on current public IP address. The reply is JSON formatted and
contains the following fields:
postal_code, latitude, longitude, region, city, country_code, country_name,
time_zone, country_code3, area_code, metro_code, region_name and dma_code
Anaconda currently uses just time_zone and country_code.
Hostip backend
A GeoIP look-up backend that can be used to determine current country code
from current public IP address. The public IP address is determined
automatically when calling the API.
GeoIP results from Hostip contain the current public IP and an approximate
address. To get this detail location info, use the result property to get
an instance of the LocationResult class, used to wrap the lookup result.
Google WiFi backend
This backend is probably the most accurate one, at least as long as the
computer has a working WiFi hardware and there are some WiFi APs nearby.
It sends data about nearby APs (ssid, MAC address & signal strength)
acquired from Network Manager to a Google API to get approximate
geographic coordinates. If there are enough AP nearby (such as in a
normal city) it can be very accurate, even up to currently determining
which building is the computer currently in.
But this only returns current geographic coordinates, to get country code
the Nominatim reverse-geocoding API is called to convert the coordinates
to an address, which includes a country code.
While having many advantages, this backend also has some severe disadvantages:
* needs working WiFi hardware
* tells your public IP address & possibly quite precise geographic coordinates
to two external entities (Google and Nominatim)
This could have severe privacy issues and should be carefully considered before
enabling it to be used by default. Also the Google WiFi geolocation API seems to
lack official documentation.
As a result its long-term stability might not be guaranteed.
Possible issues with GeoIP
"I'm in Switzerland connected to corporate VPN and anaconda tells me
I'm in the Netherlands."
The public IP address is not directly mapped to the physical location
of a computer. So while your world visible IP address is registered to
an IP block assigned to an ISP in Netherlands, it is just the external
address of the Internet gateway of your corporate network.
As VPNs and proxies can connect two computers anywhere on Earth,
this issue is unfortunately probably unsolvable.
Backends that could possibly be used in the future
* GPS geolocation
* (+) doesn't leak your coordinates to a third party
(not entirely true for assisted GPS)
* (-) unassisted cold GPS startup can take tens of minutes to acquire a GPS fix
* (+) assisted GPS startup (as used in most smartphones) can acquire a fix
in a couple seconds
* cell tower geolocation
� )�requests_sessionN)�network)�get_module_logger�get_sensitive_info_logger)� constants)�conf)�AnacondaThread� threadMgr)�get_preferred_timezone�is_valid_timezone)�flagsc @ sX e Zd ZdZddd�Zdd� Zdd � Zejfd
d �Z e
d d
� �Z e
dd� �Z dd� Z
dS )� Geolocationz Top level geolocation handler.NFc C sV | j ||�| _tj}|dk rF| jrF| j|�}|dkrBtjd|� n|}t|d�| _dS )a Prepare the geolocation module for handling geolocation queries.
This sets-up the Geolocation instance with the given geolocation_provider (or using the
default one if no provider is given. Please note that calling this method doesn't actually
execute any queries by itself, you need to call refresh() to do that.
:param geoloc_option: what was passed in boot or command line options
:type geoloc_option: str or None
:param options_override:
:type options_override: bool
Nz'geoloc: wrong provider id specified: %s)� provider_id) �$_check_if_geolocation_should_be_used�_geolocation_enabledr �GEOLOC_DEFAULT_PROVIDER� _get_provider_id_from_option�log�error� LocationInfo�_location_info)�self�
geoloc_option�options_overrider Z parsed_id� r � /usr/lib64/python3.6/geoloc.py�__init__� s
zGeolocation.__init__c C sh t jjstjd� dS t|�j� dkr4tjd� dS tjrZ|rLtjd� dS tjd� dS tjd� dS ) a~ Check if geolocation can be used during this installation run.
And set the geolocation_enabled module attribute accordingly.
The result is based on current installation type - fully interactive vs
fully or partially automated kickstart installation and on the state of the
"geoloc*" boot/CLI options.
By default geolocation is not enabled during a kickstart based installation,
unless the geoloc_use_with_ks boot/CLI option is used.
Also the geoloc boot/CLI option can be used to make sure geolocation
will not be used during an installation, like this:
inst.geoloc=0
:param geoloc_option: what was passed in boot or command line options
:type geoloc_option: str or None
:param options_override: use with kickstart due to CLI/boot option override
:type options_override: bool
z<Geolocation is disabled for image or directory installation.F�0z-Geolocation is disabled by the geoloc option.zaGeolocation is enabled during kickstart installation due to use of the geoloc-use-with-ks option.TzFGeolocation is disabled due to automated kickstart based installation.zGeolocation is enabled.) r �targetZ is_hardwarer �info�str�stripr ZautomatedInstall)r r r r r r r � s
z0Geolocation._check_if_geolocation_should_be_usedc C s | j j� dS )z+Refresh information about current location.N)r �refresh)r r r r r" � s zGeolocation.refreshc C sj t j � }| jjj� | jjrZ| jjj|d� | jjrBtjd|� nt j � | }tjd|� | jjj� dS )z�Wait for the Geolocation lookup to finish.
If there is no lookup in progress (no Geolocation refresh thread
is running), this function returns at once.
:param float timeout: how many seconds to wait before timing out
)�timeoutz3Waiting for Geolocation timed out after %d seconds.z$Waited %1.2f seconds for GeolocationN) �timer �refresh_condition�acquire�refresh_in_progress�waitr r �release)r r# �
start_timeZ elapsed_timer r r �wait_for_refresh_to_finish� s z&Geolocation.wait_for_refresh_to_finishc C s | j S )z!Report if geolocation is enabled.)r )r r r r �enabled� s zGeolocation.enabledc C s | j jS )a/ Returns the current geolocation result wrapper.
None might be returned if:
- no results were found
- the refresh is still in progress
:return: :class:LocationResult instance or None if location is unknown
:rtype: :class:LocationResult instance or None
)r �result)r r r r r- � s zGeolocation.resultc C s |j � }|j � tkr|S dS dS )z�Get a valid provider id from a string.
This function is used to parse command line
arguments/boot options for the geolocation module.
:param str option_string: option specifying the provider
:return: provider id
N)�lower�-OFFICIALLY_SUPPORTED_GEOLOCATION_PROVIDER_IDS)r Z
option_stringr r r r s
z(Geolocation._get_provider_id_from_option)NF)�__name__�
__module__� __qualname__�__doc__r r r" r ZGEOLOC_TIMEOUTr+ �propertyr, r- r r r r r r
� s
1 r
c @ sJ e Zd ZdZejfdd�Zedd� �Zdd� Z edd � �Z
ed
d � �Z d S )
r z�Determines current location.
Determines current location based on IP address or
nearby WiFi access points (depending on what backend is used)
c C s. t jtt jtt jti}|j|t�}|� | _dS )z;
:param str provider_id: GeoIP provider id
N) r � GEOLOC_PROVIDER_FEDORA_GEOIP�FedoraGeoIPProvider�GEOLOC_PROVIDER_HOSTIP�HostipGeoIPProviderZGEOLOC_PROVIDER_GOOGLE_WIFI�GoogleWiFiLocationProvider�get� _provider)r r Zavailable_providersZproviderr r r r $ s
zLocationInfo.__init__c C s | j jS )zReturn the lookup result.)r; r- )r r r r r- 0 s zLocationInfo.resultc C sH t jtj�rtjd� n,tj� r:t jt tj| j
j d�� n
tj d� dS )zRefresh location info.z#Geoloc: refresh already in progress)�namer z,Geolocation refresh failed - no connectivityN)
r r: r ZTHREAD_GEOLOCATION_REFRESHr �debugr Zwait_for_connectivity�addr r; r" r )r r r r r" 5 s zLocationInfo.refreshc C s | j jS )z!Report if refresh is in progress.)r; r' )r r r r r' C s z LocationInfo.refresh_in_progressc C s | j jS )z�Provide access to the Refresh condition of the provider.
So that users of this class can wait for the location lookup to finish.
)r; r% )r r r r r% H s z LocationInfo.refresh_conditionN) r0 r1 r2 r3 r r r r4 r- r" r' r% r r r r r s r c @ sR e Zd ZdZddd�Zedd� �Zedd � �Zed
d � �Zed d
� �Z dd� Z
dS )�LocationResultz*Encapsulates the result from GeoIP lookup.N�unknownc C s" || _ || _|| _|| _|| _dS )a�
:param territory_code: the territory code from GeoIP lookup
:type territory_code: string
:param timezone: the time zone from GeoIP lookup
:type timezone: string
:param timezone_source: specifies source of the time zone string
:type timezone_source: string
:param public_ip_address: current public IP address
:type public_ip_address: string
:param city: current city
:type city: string
N)�_territory_code� _timezone�_timezone_source�_public_ip_address�_city)r �territory_code�timezone�timezone_source�public_ip_address�cityr r r r T s
zLocationResult.__init__c C s | j S )N)rA )r r r r rF h s z LocationResult.territory_codec C s | j S )N)rB )r r r r rG l s zLocationResult.timezonec C s | j S )N)rD )r r r r rI p s z LocationResult.public_ip_addressc C s | j S )N)rE )r r r r rJ t s zLocationResult.cityc C sf | j r^d| j }| jr*|d| j| jf 7 }| jrF|d7 }|d| j 7 }| jrZ|d| j 7 }|S dS d S )Nz
territory: %sz
time zone: %s (from %s)z
public IP address: z%sz
city: %szPosition unknown)rF rG rC rI rJ )r Z
result_stringr r r �__str__x s
zLocationResult.__str__)NNr@ NN) r0 r1 r2 r3 r r4 rF rG rI rJ rK r r r r r? Q s
r? c @ sh e Zd ZdZdd� Zedd� �Zdd� Zdd � Zed
d � �Z ed d
� �Z
edd� �Z dd� Z dd� Z
dS )�GeolocationBackendz Base class for GeoIP backends.c C s. t � | _tj� | _t� | _tj� | _d| _ d S )NF)
r? �_result� threadingZLock� _result_lockr �_sessionZ Condition�_refresh_condition�_refresh_in_progress)r r r r r � s
zGeolocationBackend.__init__c C s dS )z]Get name of the backend
:return: name of the backend
:rtype: string
Nr )r r r r r< � s zGeolocationBackend.namec C s� t jd� t jd| j� | j� d| _W dQ R X tj� }| j� t jdtj� | � | j� d| _| jj� W dQ R X | jr�t jd� t jd| j� n
t jd � dS )
z Refresh the geolocation data.zStarting geolocation lookupzGeolocation provider: %sTNz,Geolocation lookup finished in %1.1f secondsFz got results from geolocationzgeolocation result:
%szno results from geolocation)
r r r< rQ rR r$ �_refreshZ
notify_allr- �sensitive_info_log)r r* r r r r" � s
zGeolocationBackend.refreshc C s d S )Nr )r r r r rS � s zGeolocationBackend._refreshc C s | j � | jS Q R X dS )z*Report if location refresh is in progress.N)rQ rR )r r r r r' � s z&GeolocationBackend.refresh_in_progressc C s | j S )zOReturn a Condition instance that can be used to wait for the refresh to finish.)rQ )r r r r r% � s z$GeolocationBackend.refresh_conditionc C s | j � | jS Q R X dS )zeCurrent location.
:return: geolocation lookup result
:rtype: LocationResult
N)rO rM )r r r r r- � s zGeolocationBackend.resultc C s | j � || _W d Q R X d S )N)rO rM )r Z
new_resultr r r � _set_result� s z GeolocationBackend._set_resultc C s | j S )N)r< )r r r r rK � s zGeolocationBackend.__str__N)r0 r1 r2 r3 r r4 r< r" rS r' r% r- rU rK r r r r rL � s
rL c @ s( e Zd ZdZdZedd� �Zdd� ZdS )r6 z"The Fedora GeoIP service provider.z$https://geoip.fedoraproject.org/cityc C s dS )Nz Fedora GeoIPr )r r r r r< � s zFedoraGeoIPProvider.namec C s� y�| j j| jtjdd�}|jtjjkr||j � }|jdd �}d}|jdd �}t
|�s^t |�}d}|sf|r�| j t
|||d�� ntjd|j� W n^ tjjk
r� } ztjd |� W Y d d }~X n. tk
r� } ztjd
|� W Y d d }~X nX d S ) NT)r# �verify� country_codeZGeoIPZ time_zonezterritory code)rF rG rH z;Geoloc: Fedora GeoIP API lookup failed with status code: %sz8Geoloc: RequestException for Fedora GeoIP API lookup:
%sz'Geoloc: Unable to decode GeoIP JSON:
%s)rP r: �API_URLr �NETWORK_CONNECTION_TIMEOUT� status_code�requests�codes�ok�jsonr r
rU r? r r �
exceptions�RequestExceptionr= �
ValueError)r �replyZ
json_reply� territoryrH Z
timezone_code�er r r rS � s,
z FedoraGeoIPProvider._refreshN)r0 r1 r2 r3 rX r4 r< rS r r r r r6 � s r6 c @ s( e Zd ZdZdZedd� �Zdd� ZdS )r8 z"The Hostip GeoIP service provider.z#http://api.hostip.info/get_json.phpc C s dS )Nz Hostip.infor )r r r r r< � s zHostipGeoIPProvider.namec C s� yx| j j| jtjdd�}|jtjjkrh|j � }|jdd �}|d k rv| j
t ||jdd �|jdd �d�� nt j
d|j� W n^ tjjk
r� } zt jd|� W Y d d }~X n. tk
r� } zt jd |� W Y d d }~X nX d S )
NT)r# rV rW ZiprJ )rF rI rJ z1Geoloc: Hostip lookup failed with status code: %sz1Geoloc: RequestException during Hostip lookup:
%sz(Geoloc: Unable to decode Hostip JSON:
%s)rP r: rX r rY rZ r[ r\ r] r^ rU r? r r r_ r` r= ra )r rb �
reply_dictrc rd r r r rS s
z HostipGeoIPProvider._refreshN)r0 r1 r2 r3 rX r4 r< rS r r r r r8 � s r8 c @ s8 e Zd ZdZdZedd� �Zdd� Zdd� Zd d
� Z d S ) r9 z*The Google WiFi location service provider.zUhttps://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/browserlocation/json?browser=firefox&sensor=truec C s dS )Nz Google WiFir )r r r r r< s z GoogleWiFiLocationProvider.namec
C s. t jd� tdd�}|j� }|�r y�| jj| j|�tjdd�}|j � }|jdd�}|dkr�|d d }|d d
}t jd � t
||d �}t � } | j |�}
|
j
} | jt| d
�� n
t jd� W n` tjjk
r� } zt jd| � W Y d d } ~ X n0 tk
�r } zt jd| � W Y d d } ~ X nX n
t jd� d S )Nz Scanning for WiFi access points.T)�scan_now)r# rV �statuszNOT OKZOK�location�latZlngzFound current location.)ri �lon)rF z/Geoloc: Service couldn't find current location.z6Geoloc: RequestException during Google Wifi lookup:
%sz-Geoloc: Unable to decode Google Wifi JSON:
%sz<Geoloc: No WiFi access points found - can't detect location.)r r � WifiScanner� get_resultsrP r: �_get_urlr rY r^ � Coordinates�Geocoder�reverse_geocode_coordsrF rU r? r[ r_ r` r= ra )
r �scanner�
access_pointsrb Z result_dictrg ri rj Zcoords�geocoderZgeocoding_resultZt_coderd r r r rS " s2
z#GoogleWiFiLocationProvider._refreshc C s& | j }x|D ]}|| j|�7 }q W |S )z�Generate Google API URL for the given access points
:param access_points: a list of WiFiAccessPoint objects
:return Google WiFi location API URL
:rtype: string
)rX �_describe_access_point)r rr �url�apr r r rm A s
z#GoogleWiFiLocationProvider._get_urlc C s t jj|j�}d|j||jf S )z�Describe an access point in a format compatible with the API call
:param access_point: a WiFiAccessPoint instance
:return: API compatible AP description
:rtype: string
z&wifi=mac:%s|ssid:%s|ss:%d)�urllib�parseZ
quote_plus�ssid�bssid�rssi)r Z access_pointZ quoted_ssidr r r rt M s z1GoogleWiFiLocationProvider._describe_access_pointN)
r0 r1 r2 r3 rX r4 r< rS rm rt r r r r r9 s r9 c @ s2 e Zd ZdZdZejfdd�Zdd� Zdd� Z d S )
ro zTProvides online geocoding services.
(only reverse geocoding at the moment)
z@http://open.mapquestapi.com/nominatim/v1/reverse.php?format=jsonc C s
|| _ dS )z::param geocoder: a constant selecting what geocoder to useN)� _geocoder)r rs r r r r e s zGeocoder.__init__c C s( | j tjkr| j|�S tjd� dS dS )z�Turn geographic coordinates to address
:param coordinates: Coordinates (geographic coordinates)
:type coordinates: Coordinates
:return: GeocodingResult if the lookup succeeds or None if it fails
zWrong Geocoder specified!N)r| r ZGEOLOC_GEOCODER_NOMINATIM�_reverse_geocode_nominatimr r )r � coordinatesr r r rp i s
z Geocoder.reverse_geocode_coordsc C s� d| j |j|jf }y\t� j|tjdd�}|jtj j
kr\|j � }|d d j � }t
||d�S tjd|j� dS W n^ tjjk
r� } ztjd |� W Y dd}~X n. tk
r� } ztjd
|� W Y dd}~X nX dS ) aP Reverse geocoding using the Nominatim API.
Reverse geocoding tries to convert geographic coordinates
to an accurate address.
:param coordinates: input coordinates
:type coordinates: Coordinates
:return: an address or None if no address was found
:rtype: GeocodingResult or None
z!%s&addressdetails=1&lat=%f&lon=%fT)r# rV �addressrW )r~ rF z?Geoloc: Nominatim reverse geocoding failed with status code: %sNz?Geoloc: RequestException during Nominatim reverse geocoding:
%sz=Geoloc: Unable to decode Nominatim reverse geocoding JSON:
%s)�NOMINATIM_API_URL�latitude� longituder r: r rY rZ r[ r\ r] r^ �upper�GeocodingResultr r r_ r` r= ra )r r~ ru rb re rF rd r r r r} v s(
z#Geocoder._reverse_geocode_nominatimN)
r0 r1 r2 r3 r� r ZGEOLOC_DEFAULT_GEOCODERr rp r} r r r r ro Y s
ro c @ s> e Zd ZdZd dd�Zedd� �Zedd� �Zed d
� �ZdS ) r� z A result from geocoding lookup.Nc C s || _ || _|| _dS )a
:param coordinates: geographic coordinates
:type coordinates: Coordinates
:param territory_code: territory code of the result
:type territory_code: string
:param address: a (street) address string
:type address: string
N)�_coordsrA �_address)r r~ rF r r r r r � s zGeocodingResult.__init__c C s | j S )N)r� )r r r r r~ � s zGeocodingResult.coordinatesc C s | j S )N)rA )r r r r rF � s z GeocodingResult.territory_codec C s | j S )N)r� )r r r r r � s zGeocodingResult.address)NNN) r0 r1 r2 r3 r r4 r~ rF r r r r r r� � s
r� c @ s: e Zd ZdZd dd�Zedd� �Zedd� �Zd d
� ZdS ) rn z A set of geographic coordinates.Nc C s || _ || _dS )z�
:param lat: WGS84 latitude
:type lat: float
:param lon: WGS84 longitude
:type lon: float
N)�_lat�_lon)r ri rj r r r r � s zCoordinates.__init__c C s | j S )N)r� )r r r r r� � s zCoordinates.latitudec C s | j S )N)r� )r r r r r� � s zCoordinates.longitudec C s d| j | jf S )Nzlat,lon: %f,%f)r� r� )r r r r rK � s zCoordinates.__str__)NN) r0 r1 r2 r3 r r4 r� r� rK r r r r rn � s
rn c @ s. e Zd ZdZdZd dd�Zdd� Zdd � Zd
S ) rk zXUse the Network Manager DBus API to provide information about nearby WiFi access points.� Tc C s g | _ |r| j� dS )za
:param scan_now: if an initial scan should be done
:type scan_now: bool
N)�
_scan_results�scan)r rf r r r r � s zWifiScanner.__init__c C s d}g }y t j� }|jdd�}|j� }W n0 t jk
rX } ztjd|� W Y dd}~X nX x�|D ]�}|jd|�}|jdd�}|| jkr`d} d }
xv|j � D ]j} |jd| �} t j
| | d
�}
t |
j|
d ��}t |
j|
d d
d��}t |
j|
d��}t
|||d�}|j|� q�W q`W || _dS )zScan for WiFi access points� z org.freedesktop.NetworkManagerz /org/freedesktop/NetworkManagerz(Exception caught during WiFi AP scan: %sNz%org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.DeviceZ
DeviceTypez org.freedesktop.DBus.Propertiesz*org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.AccessPoint)Zdbus_interfaceZ HwAddressZSsidT)Z byte_arraysZStrength)rz ry r{ )�dbusZ SystemBusZ
get_objectZ
GetDevicesZ
DBusExceptionr r= ZGet� NETWORK_MANAGER_DEVICE_TYPE_WIFIZGetAccessPointsZ Interfacer �int�WiFiAccessPoint�appendr� )r Zdevicesrr ZbusZnetwork_managerrd Z device_pathZdeviceZ device_typeZ
dbus_iface_idZap_idZap_pathZnetZnetwork_propertiesrz Zessidr{ rv r r r r� � s8
zWifiScanner.scanc C s | j S )z�
:return: a list of WiFiAccessPoint objects or
an empty list if no APs were found or the scan failed
)r� )r r r r rl s zWifiScanner.get_resultsN)T)r0 r1 r2 r3 r� r r� rl r r r r rk � s
,rk c @ sF e Zd ZdZd
dd�Zedd� �Zedd� �Zed d
� �Zd d � Z dS )r� z3Encapsulates information about a WiFi access point.Nc C s || _ || _|| _dS )z�
:param bssid: MAC address of the access point
:param ssid: name of the access point
:param rssi: signal strength
N)�_bssid�_ssid�_rssi)r rz ry r{ r r r r s zWiFiAccessPoint.__init__c C s | j S )N)r� )r r r r rz s zWiFiAccessPoint.bssidc C s | j S )N)r� )r r r r ry ! s zWiFiAccessPoint.ssidc C s | j S )N)r� )r r r r r{ % s zWiFiAccessPoint.rssic C s d| j | j| jf S )Nz3bssid (MAC): %s ssid: %s rssi (signal strength): %d)rz ry r{ )r r r r rK ) s zWiFiAccessPoint.__str__)NN)
r0 r1 r2 r3 r r4 rz ry r{ rK r r r r r� s
r� c C s t | |d�adS )z%Initialize the geolocation singleton.)r r N)r
�geoloc)r r r r r �init_geolocation1 s r� )/r3 Zpyanaconda.core.utilr r[ Z urllib.parserw r� rN r$ Z
pyanacondar Zpyanaconda.anaconda_loggersr r r0 r rT Zpyanaconda.corer Z&pyanaconda.core.configuration.anacondar Zpyanaconda.threadingr r Zpyanaconda.timezoner
r Zpyanaconda.flagsr r5 r7 r/ �objectr
r r? rL r6 r8 r9 ro r� rn rk r� r� r� r r r r �<module>s s@ 48I& A? B